Symptoms of tardive dyskinesia

summary

Tardive dyskinesia (tardive hyperactivity disorder) is a kind of special and lasting extrapyramidal reaction. It mainly occurs in patients who take large doses of antipsychotics for a long time (more than one year). It is most likely to occur after reducing or stopping taking drugs. It is generally believed that after long-term use of drugs to block striatal dopaminergic receptor, the latter is caused by hypersensitivity. It may also be related to the impairment of basal ganglia GABA function. Symptoms of tardive dyskinesia? Next, I'd like to share my views with you.

Symptoms of tardive dyskinesia

First, rhythmic and repetitive involuntary movements show tongue tremor or salivation in the early stage. The movement of the elderly population is characteristic. Limb involvement is common in young patients. Oral and facial symptoms are more prominent in children, and lower facial muscles are most frequently involved, It is characterized by oral lingual buccal triad (BLM syndrome) or buccolingual mastication syndrome. It is characterized by repeated and uncontrollable movements of lips and tongue, such as involuntary continuous and rigid chewing and sucking, tongue turning, tongue licking, pouting and cheek bulging, jaw crooking and neck turning. Sometimes, the tongue suddenly protrudes out of the mouth, which is called fly catcher tongue syndrome,

Second, when it is serious, dysphagia occurs. Trunk muscle involvement showed body shaking, distal limb involvement showed finger (toe) sign of playing piano, proximal limb rarely involved, a few showed dance like movements, aimless flapping, legs jumping, hand and foot creeping, trunk twisting movement and eccentric posture. Occasionally, gastrointestinal type, stomach discomfort, nausea and vomiting after sudden withdrawal. The symptoms worsen when the emotion is tense and excited, and disappear when sleeping. Some patients coexist with tardive akathisia, tardive dystonia and drug-induced Parkinson syndrome. The symptoms are easily covered up and exposed when the drug is reduced or stopped

Third: antipsychotics can cause acute idiopathic dystonia or acute akathisia, which mostly occurs within 2 days after antipsychotics are used. It is easy to occur in children and early adulthood, showing dramatic twitch or uncomfortable posture of limbs, trunk, neck, tongue and facial muscles.

matters needing attention

1. The administration of antipsychotics should be as slow as possible, and long-term or high-dose antipsychotics should be avoided as far as possible; 2. Avoid the combination of two or more antipsychotics; 3. Try to use less or no anti Parkinson drugs; When stopping or changing antipsychotics, the dosage should be reduced gradually instead of stopping suddenly; 4. The lowest dose should be given to the old and weak patients with brain organic lesions; No or less anticholinergic drugs were used when not necessary;