What symptom is uremia?

summary

Chronic renal failure (CRF) is a clinical syndrome composed of a series of symptoms and metabolic disorders caused by various renal diseases leading to progressive and irreversible decline of renal function until the loss of function. The end stage of chronic renal failure is often called uremia. What symptom is uremia? Next, I'd like to share my views with you.

What symptom is uremia?

* first: metabolic acidosis, chronic renal failure, uric acid metabolism, acid products such as phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid and other substances, due to kidney excretion obstacles, and can occur "uremic acidosis". In mild chronic acidosis, most patients have less symptoms, but if HCO3 in arterial blood is less than 15 mmol / L, obvious anorexia, vomiting, weakness, deep breathing and so on may appear.

* second: disturbance of water and sodium metabolism, mainly manifested as retention of water and sodium, or hypoxemia and hyponatremia. When the renal function is not complete, the ability of the kidney to adapt to excessive sodium load or volume gradually decreases. If the patients with uremia don't limit the water properly, it can lead to excessive volume load, common subcutaneous edema (eyelids, lower limbs) or / and body cavity effusion (pleural cavity, abdominal cavity). At this time, it is easy to have high blood pressure, left ventricular dysfunction (chest tightness, decreased activity tolerance and even can't lie flat at night) and brain edema.

The third "potassium metabolism disorder": when the GFR drops to 20-25ml / min or lower, the renal potassium excretion capacity gradually decreases, and hyperkalemia is prone to occur at this time; Especially when excessive potassium intake, acidosis, infection, trauma, gastrointestinal bleeding occur, hyperkalemia is more likely to occur. Severe hyperkalemia (serum potassium > 6.5 mmol / L) has certain risk and needs timely treatment and rescue (see the treatment of hyperkalemia).

matters needing attention

1. The first step to prevent uremia is to have enough rest: uremic patients should have enough rest and good nutrition, and should not engage in activities beyond their ability. 2. Avoid kidney damaging chemicals: avoid products and environment containing cadmium, chloroform, ethylene glycol and tetrachloroethylene. They are commonly found in pesticides, automobile exhaust, coatings, building and household cleaners.