What is the cause of postoperative infection?

summary

Nowadays, many people are troubled by the infection of bacteria in the incision after surgery, which seems to have become a big problem for patients after surgery. This problem has caused great interference to many people, and many people worry about whether it will cause bad effects, At this time, many people are thinking about what measures can be taken to solve the impact of this problem on the body. Let's discuss the causes of postoperative infection.

What is the cause of postoperative infection?

According to the different sources of infection, nosocomial infection can be divided into: (1) endogenous infection (self infection) refers to the infection caused by the normal flora of patients with low immune function. That is to say, the patient is the pathogen carrier before nosocomial infection. When the body's resistance is reduced, it causes self infection.

Exogenous infection refers to the infection caused by the external bacteria brought by others in the environment. Including: 1. Cross infection: acquired in hospital or other places (patients, carriers, staff, visitors, caregivers). 2. Environmental infection: infection caused by polluted environment (air, water, medical appliances and other articles). Such as postoperative wound infection caused by operating room and air pollution, hepatitis B epidemic caused by lax sterilization of syringes, etc.

What are the common nosocomial infections: (1) pulmonary infection: pulmonary infection often occurs in some chronic diseases that seriously affect the patient's defense mechanism, such as cancer, leukemia, chronic obstructive pneumonia, or patients undergoing tracheotomy or tracheal intubation. The diagnosis of pulmonary infection is mainly based on clinical manifestations and X-ray fluoroscopy or photos. The incidence of pulmonary infection is about 23.3% - 42%. Pulmonary infection is a great threat to critically ill patients, immunosuppressive patients and patients with weakened immunity. The mortality rate can reach 30% - 50%（ 2） Urinary tract infection: the patient has no symptoms of urinary tract infection at the time of admission, but has symptoms (fever, dysuria, etc.) 24 hours after hospitalization. The urine culture has bacterial growth, or although there are no symptoms, the white blood cells in the urine sample are more than 10 / ml, and the bacteria are more than 105 / ml, which can be judged as urinary tract infection. According to the statistics in China, the incidence of urinary tract infection accounts for about 20.8% - 31.7% of hospital infection, and 66% - 86% of urinary tract infection is related to the use of catheter（ 3） Wound infection: wound infection includes surgical operation and wound infection in traumatic events. The judgment of wound infection mainly depends on whether there is inflammatory reaction or pus in the wound and nearby tissues, more specifically bacterial culture. According to statistics, the incidence of wound infection in hospital infection accounted for about 25%（ 4） Viral hepatitis: viral hepatitis can be transmitted not only in healthy people, but also in patients. Viral hepatitis can be divided into five types: type A, type B, type C, type D and type E. The source of infection of hepatitis A and E is the patient and asymptomatic infection, through the digestive tract. The feces discharged by patients with virus are not disinfected, which pollutes the water source or food. People are infected by eating boiled water or food by mistake, that is, fecal oral infection. The source of infection of hepatitis B, hepatitis C and hepatitis D is patients and virus carriers. The virus exists in blood and various body fluids. Infectious blood can be infected through slight damage of skin and mucous membrane. It can also be transmitted vertically from mother to child, or through transfusion of blood products and close sexual contact（ 5） During hospitalization, patients with skin or subcutaneous tissue suppuration, various dermatitis, bedsore infection, bacteremia, venous catheter and needle puncture site infection, endometrial infection, intra-abdominal infection, etc.

matters needing attention

Because of the serious environmental pollution, the hospital has many sources of infection, so the environmental pollution is also serious. Among them, the most serious pollution is the ward of infected patients, and the toilet pollution is also very serious. Every time the toilet draws water, a large number of microbial aerosols may be aroused. Public goods in the ward, such as pools, bathtubs, toilets, trolleys, mops, rags and so on, are often contaminated.