Symptoms of skull fracture in children
summary
A lot of people are not very familiar with the symptoms of skull fracture, so when there is skull fracture, although it also brings pain, they often can't find such disease in time, and may miss some of the best time for treatment, so let's pay attention to the symptoms of skull fracture.
Symptoms of skull fracture in children
Open depressed fracture is often caused by a strong blow or falling from a height on an object with protruding edge angle. The scalp, skull, dura mater and brain are often involved at the same time, resulting in open craniocerebral injury. Clinically, there are two types of open depressed fracture: cavity fracture and comminuted depressed fracture. (1) most of the hollow fractures were caused by heavy objects with small contact surface, and most of them were caused by the lethal weapon penetrating the scalp and skull directly into the cranial cavity. The shape of the fracture is often the same as that of the injured object, which is an important basis for forensic identification of the weapon. Bone fragments are often trapped in deep brain tissue, causing severe local brain injury, hemorrhage and foreign body retention. However, due to the small overall deformation of the skull, there is generally no extensive skull fracture and diffuse brain injury. Therefore, the clinical manifestations of cavernous fracture are often local nerve defects. (2) comminuted sunken fracture accompanied by sunken bone in the force part, which is often caused by heavy objects in the contact area. Not only the local skull is sunken and deformed obviously, causing sunken people, but also the whole skull is deformed greatly, resulting in most radial fractures centered on the force point. The dura mater is often punctured by bone fragments, and the brain injury is more serious. In addition to local impact injury, there are often contrecoup brain contusion and laceration or intracranial hematoma.
Most of the skull base fractures are linear fractures, most of them are skull cap fractures extending to the skull base, and some of them are depressed fractures, which can also be caused by indirect violence. According to its location, it can be divided into anterior cranial fossa, middle cranial fossa and posterior cranial fossa fractures. Anterior cranial fossa fracture: involving the orbital roof and ethmoid bone, with epistaxis, extensive periorbital ecchymosis (panda eye) and extensive subconjunctival hemorrhage. Among them, "panda eye" is of great significance for diagnosis. If the meninges and periosteum are ruptured, cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea and / or pneumocranium will occur, which will make the cranial cavity communicate with the outside world. Therefore, infection may occur, which should be regarded as open injury. Cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea is usually bloody in the early stage, which should be distinguished from epistaxis. In addition, anterior fossa fractures often have unilateral or bilateral olfactory disorders, intraorbital hemorrhage can cause exophthalmos, if the optic nerve is affected or optic canal fractures, there may be varying degrees of visual impairment.
Middle cranial fossa fracture: middle cranial fossa fracture often involves petrous bone. If sphenoid bone is involved, there may be epistaxis or cerebrospinal fluid nasal slide. Cerebrospinal fluid flows out from nostril through sphenoid sinus. If the petrous part of temporal bone is involved, the inner ear structure or middle ear cavity can be damaged. The patients often have the seventh and eighth cranial nerve injury, manifested as hearing impairment and peripheral facial paralysis. When the meninges, periosteum and tympanic membrane are ruptured, cerebrospinal fluid otorrhea is combined, and cerebrospinal fluid flows out through the middle ear from the external auditory canal; If the tympanic membrane is intact, the cerebrospinal fluid flows to the nasopharynx through the eustachian tube, which can be mistaken for rhinorrhea. If the medial part of sphenoid bone and temporal bone is involved, the pituitary gland or the second, third, fourth, fifth and sixth cranial nerves may be damaged. If carotid cavernous sinus is injured by fracture, pulsatile exophthalmos and intracranial murmur may occur due to arteriovenous fistula; Rupture of the foramen or the internal carotid artery can lead to fatal epistaxis or ear bleeding.
matters needing attention
About the precursory symptoms of skull fracture, this is so much for you. From these symptoms, we can also know that the disease of skull fracture has serious harm. We hope that in the future life, when we have the above symptoms, we can find and treat them early, and get rid of the torture of skull fracture disease as soon as possible.
