What is anal fissure

summary

Anal fissure is a kind of anorectal disease with high incidence rate in our lives. During the period of onset, pain will always accompany patients, which will cause great harm and inconvenience to the patients' health and normal life. The incidence of anal fissure is not independent, but caused by the interaction of a variety of causes. What is anal fissure? Please see the detailed introduction.

What is anal fissure

First: Patients with infection due to some diseases will cause anal fissure. Chronic inflammation near the tooth line, such as anal sinusitis in the posterior middle, spreads downward and causes subcutaneous abscess, ulceration and chronic ulcer. The onset period of acute anal fissure is short, with red color, shallow bottom, fresh, neat fissure and no scar formation. Chronic anal fissure has a long course of disease, recurrent attacks, irregular bottom depth, often with hypertrophic nipples at the upper end and sentinel hemorrhoids at the lower end, which is generally called "triple syndrome" of anal fissure. Sentinel hemorrhoids are caused by lymph stasis in the subcutaneous, like external hemorrhoids, because in the examination because the first to see this hemorrhoid and then see the crack, helpful for the diagnosis, so it is called sentinel hemorrhoids or split hemorrhoids. In the late stage, perianal abscess and subcutaneous anal fistula can also be complicated.

Second: anal fissure is also caused by trauma. Patients with chronic constipation, due to dry stool, defecation force is too strong, easy to damage the anal skin, repeated damage to the deep and full-thickness skin laceration, the formation of chronic infectious ulcer. It was reported that constipation caused anal fissure accounted for 14% - 24%, but constipation may also be the consequence of anal fissure, due to the patient's fear of defecation. In addition, postpartum can also cause anal fissure, accounting for about 3% ~ 9%.

Third: clinical anatomical factors are also one of the causes of anal fissure. The superficial part of the external sphincter of the anal canal forms the anal tail ligament behind the anus, which is hard, has poor flexibility, and bears great pressure behind the anus, so the posterior median part is easy to be damaged.

matters needing attention

Patients with constipation, not timely treatment will induce anal fissure. Long term retention of stool in rectum can not only induce rectal cancer, but also affect blood circulation. If the patient is forced to release the dry fecal mass, the anus will inevitably bear greater pressure, resulting in a series of pathological changes such as fissure, swelling and so on.