Hypercalcemia in blood?

summary

Hypercalcemia refers to the abnormal increase of serum ionic calcium concentration. Because the determination is usually total calcium, rather than ionic calcium, we must pay attention to the factors affecting ionic calcium. What disease can excessive disease of blood calcium cause?

Hypercalcemia in blood?

Serum albumin concentration is the most important factor in clinic, because albumin is the main calcium binding protein in blood circulation. In the case of severe decrease of serum albumin (such as in patients with malignant tumor), normal serum total calcium concentration actually represents abnormally high ionic calcium concentration. PH also affects the binding of serum calcium and protein. Alkalosis can reduce the concentration of ionic calcium, while acidosis can increase it.

The incidence of hypercalcemia caused by sarcoidosis was 2% - 12%. Many malignant tumors can be complicated with hypercalcemia. Breast cancer, bone tumor, lung cancer, gastric cancer, ovarian cancer, multiple myeloma, acute lymphoblastic leukemia and so on are more common.

Neuropsychiatric symptoms. The light ones are weak, tired and indifferent; Severe patients have headache, muscle weakness, weakened tendon reflex, depression, irritability, gait instability, language disorders, hearing, vision and orientation disorders or loss, numbness, behavioral abnormalities and other mental and neurological symptoms. Delirium, convulsion and coma may appear in hypercalcemia crisis. Neuropsychiatric symptoms are mainly caused by the toxicity of high calcium to brain cells, which can interfere with the electrophysiological activities of brain cells.

matters needing attention

Mild hypercalcemia is generally asymptomatic, moderate and severe patients often have symptoms, severe patients can appear hypercalcemia crisis. The prevention of hypercalcemia requires active treatment of primary diseases. Related examination, serum albumin, serum calcium, vitamin D, urinary calcium, catecholamine, vitamin A, parathyroid hormone, gastrin, antidiuretic hormone, calcitonin