How to deal with upper gastrointestinal bleeding?

summary

Upper gastrointestinal bleeding refers to the bleeding of the digestive tract above the flexor's ligament, including esophagus, stomach, duodenum or pancreaticobiliary diseases. The bleeding of jejunal diseases after gastrojejunostomy also belongs to this range. Massive hemorrhage refers to the loss of blood volume more than 1000ml or 20% of circulating blood volume in a few hours. Its main clinical manifestations are hematemesis and (or) melena, often accompanied by acute peripheral circulation failure caused by reduced blood volume. How to deal with upper gastrointestinal bleeding?

How to deal with upper gastrointestinal bleeding?

First, when the patient has symptoms of lower gastrointestinal bleeding, it is necessary to conduct a preliminary assessment immediately, including medical history inquiry, physical examination and relevant laboratory examination to assess the severity of bleeding, estimate the bleeding site and inducement, and immediately conduct hemodynamic resuscitation (highly recommended, very low quality).

Second, when the patient has hematochezia and hemodynamic instability, there may be upper gastrointestinal bleeding, so it is necessary to carry out upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. When the degree of upper gastrointestinal bleeding is suspected to be moderate, nasogastric tube can be inserted for blood drawing and lavage (strongly recommended, low quality).

Third, the risk assessment and stratification of patients should be carried out in time, so as to better group the patients, to determine the time of gastrointestinal endoscopy, the level of nursing, and to preliminarily judge the prognosis.

matters needing attention

Eat liquid easy to digest food, such as porridge, do not eat spicy, greasy, hard, not easy to digest food. Should not be spicy stimulation is appropriate, do not drink, do not eat hard stimulating food