What does urinary protein mean

summary

In fact, urine is the "mirror" of healthy kidney function. By doing routine urine examination, we can directly reflect the functional state of the kidney. When the healthy person makes the urine routine examination, under normal circumstances the urine protein (urine occult blood) index display is negative. If the test results show that urine protein is positive (or urine occult blood is positive), +, 2 +, 3 +, it means that there must be pathological changes in the kidney. So, in life, we should pay attention to it, the following specifically talk about the meaning of urinary protein.

What does urinary protein mean

Symptom 1: the urine of normal people contains very trace protein, and the routine examination is negative. However, if the glomerular function changes caused by renal disease, resulting in the increase of glomerular filtration membrane permeability, the protein in glomerular filtrate will increase, which will exceed the renal tubular reabsorption capacity and lead to urinary protein dominated by albumin.

Symptom 2: massive proteinuria is the main sign of nephrotic syndrome. The main component is albumin, which also contains other plasma protein components. The change of glomerular basement membrane permeability is the basic cause of proteinuria. The change of charge barrier and mechanical barrier (glomerular capillary pore barrier), the ability of reabsorption and catabolism of renal tubular epithelial cells also affect the formation of proteinuria.

Symptom 3: normal people excrete about 40-80 protein from urine every day, the upper limit is not more than 150 mg, of which the main protein is albumin, followed by glycoprotein and glycopeptide. About 0.60% (60%) of these proteins came from plasma, and the rest came from secretion and tissue decomposition products of kidney, urinary tract and prostate, including urinary enzymes, hormones, antibodies and their degradation products.

matters needing attention

Warm reminder: Diabetic proteinuria is caused by long-term hyperglycemia. Even though some patients seem to have better blood glucose control by drugs, hyperglycemia still occurs because of the disorder of self-regulation mechanism in the body while drugs play their role. Therefore, the stimulation of blood vessels caused by hyperglycemia still exists. In the long run, it can lead to damage of renal arterioles, disorder of secretion and regulation function, that is, disorder of balance mechanism of no (vasodilator factor), ET-1 and TXA2 (angiotensin factor), decrease of NO synthesis, increase of ET-1 and TXA2 synthesis, occurrence of vascular microcirculation disturbance, leading to ischemia and hypoxia, and then damage of kidney Microvascular endothelial cells. Once the endothelial cells are damaged, it will lead to the inflammatory reaction in the kidney, which will lead to the damage of glomerular basement membrane, resulting in the leakage of macromolecular proteins, and then renal fibrosis will start.