What are the causes of cold agglutinin syndrome?
summary
Cold agglutinin syndrome is an autoimmune disease caused by immunoglobulin and M antibody. It is also called cold blood agglutinin disease or cold agglutinin disease. Its characteristic is that at a relatively low temperature, the antibody can act on the patient's own red blood cells, agglutinate in the body, block the peripheral microcirculation, and cause hand foot cyanosis or hemolysis. In vitro, the most suitable temperature for the interaction between antibody and antigen is from 0 ℃ to 4 ℃. When the temperature is above 37 ℃ or 31 ℃ to 32 ℃, the antibody and erythrocyte antigen will decompose completely and reversibly, and the symptoms will disappear quickly. What are the causes of cold agglutinin syndrome? Now let me tell you something.
What are the causes of cold agglutinin syndrome?
The patients without any reason were idiopathic cold agglutinin syndrome and secondary cold agglutinin syndrome, which were found in schistosomiasis, filariasis, malaria, cirrhosis, atypical pneumonia, hemolytic anemia and other diseases. Acute type, cold agglutinin titer as high as 1:62400, seen in some viral diseases, such as infectious mononucleosis, rubella, jaundice, idiopathic pericarditis, especially atypical pneumonia.
Subacute, with a titer similar to that of the acute type, occurs in certain lymphomas. Idiopathic cold agglutinin disease of unknown origin occurs in the elderly. It is characterized by acral cyanosis, hemolytic anemia, hematuria and triad. The titer of this cold agglutinin can be as high as 1:1 million.
According to the different etiology, it can be divided into primary and secondary, the former is unknown, cold agglutinin is 19S macroglobulin with molecular weight of 10000, which can bind to red blood cells under low temperature, usually LGM, mouse monoclonal antibody. LGG may be secondary to virus infection. When the antibody titer is high and the antibody is exposed to cold environment for a long time, the erythrocyte membrane may rupture and hemolysis may be caused by complement.
matters needing attention
In the treatment of cold agglutinin syndrome, the only reliable and effective treatment is to keep warm. In the cold season, when working outdoors or in activities, we should pay attention to wearing more clothes, gloves, cotton shoes, masks and so on.
