Symptoms of proteinuria in infants

summary

Proteinuria is a typical symptom of chronic kidney disease. The formation of proteinuria is closely related to the barrier function of glomerulus. Glomerular capillaries are composed of three layers: endothelial cell layer, basement membrane layer and epithelial cell layer. Because these three layers of cells are distributed with different sizes of filter pores and negative charges, the barrier function of glomerular capillaries can be divided into two types: mechanical barrier filter pores and charge barrier negative charges. Then I would like to share with you my views on the symptoms of infant proteinuria.

Symptoms of proteinuria in infants

1. According to the different causes of proteinuria, the medical history should be focused on, such as the history of edema, the occurrence of hypertension, diabetes, allergic purpura, kidney injury, drug use, heavy metal salt poisoning, connective tissue disease, metabolic disease and gout.

2. Physical examination should pay attention to edema and serous cavity effusion, bone and joint examination, anemia degree and physical examination of heart, liver and kidney. Fundus examination, acute nephritis fundus normal or mild vasospasm, chronic nephritis fundus arteriosclerosis, bleeding, exudation, diabetic nephropathy often appear diabetic fundus.

3. Laboratory examination (1) qualitative examination: the best is morning urine, morning urine is the most concentrated, and can exclude postural proteinuria. Qualitative examination is only a screening examination, the daily urine volume of 2000ml qualitative "+" is more than the urine volume of 400ml qualitative "+", so it is not used as an accurate index of urinary protein content. The diagnosis, observation and curative effect of kidney disease should be based on urinary protein. (2) quantitative examination of urinary protein: there are many methods, such as pasteurization method, double shrinkage method, phosphotungstic acid method, acid reading method, ferric chloride method, etc. the double shrinkage method is the most accurate and commonly used. The common causes are pyelonephritis, nephrosclerosis, urinary tract obstruction, urinary tract tumor and stone. The most common cause of urinary protein 1 ~ 3G is primary or secondary glomerular disease. Primary or secondary nephrotic syndrome was found in patients whose 24-hour urinary protein was more than 3.5G.

matters needing attention

When the baby has proteinuria, it is necessary to go to the hospital for acute diagnosis and treatment. At the same time, the diet in daily life should also be paid attention to during the normal treatment in the hospital, and corresponding diet conditioning should be taken according to the specific situation: for the baby with acute glomerulonephritis, the intake of water, salt and protein should be strictly limited; For nephrotic syndrome infants with large amount of proteinuria, protein diet should not be restricted. Let children often participate in outdoor activities, air bath, water bath and sunbath exercise, strengthen the physique also helps to prevent the occurrence of disease.