What is the procedure of heart bypass surgery

summary

Many of the old people at home have bad hearts, but my grandfather has just finished heart bypass surgery, and now he is still resting. Let's share with you the steps of heart bypass surgery.

What is the procedure of heart bypass surgery

Step 1: Anesthesiologists put peripheral venous catheter into patients, put arterial catheter to continuously monitor blood pressure. An induction anesthetic (usually propofol) is injected to make the patient unconscious. A few minutes later, an analgesic (usually fentanyl) is injected and a muscle relaxant is injected to relax the patient's muscles. This has a good relaxing effect, so that patients can relax into the state of surgery, not muscle tension, it is difficult to cut the operation.

Step 2: central venous catheter was inserted by anesthesiologist, and floating catheter was inserted when necessary to monitor pulmonary artery pressure and cardiac output. Surgeons open the chest through the median sternotomy to examine the blood vessels used for cardiac bypass - the internal mammary artery, the radial artery and the great saphenous vein. When the selection is completed, the patient is given heparin to prevent blood coagulation. In the case of "off-pump" surgery, the surgeon places equipment to stabilize the heart. In the case of "off-pump" surgery, the surgeon first sutures the cannula at the heart and instructs the perfuser to start cardiopulmonary bypass. Once cardiopulmonary bypass is established, the surgeon places aortic forceps in the aorta and instructs the perfuser to inject cardioplegia (usually a special potassium mixture, cold) into the heart to stop the heart beat and slow down metabolism. Usually, the patient's blood during cardiopulmonary bypass is cooled to about 84 ° f (29 ° C)

Step 3: the heart returns to beating; or in "off-pump" surgery, the equipment that stabilizes the heart is removed. In some cases, after a part of the aorta is clamped by C-shaped forceps, the heart will return to beating, and the clamped part is in the heart. When beating, it is used to suture the vascular bridge. Protamine is used to reverse the effect of heparin, connect the sternum, and close the thoracic cavity. The patient is transferred to the intensive care unit for recovery. After recovery and stabilization in the intensive care unit (about 1 day), the patient was transferred to the cardiac surgery unit until discharge (about 4 days)

matters needing attention

It is normal to have slight redness, pain and swelling at the wound when discharged, sometimes lasting for several months. After going home, we should often check the wound. If we find any sign of infection, we should go to the hospital in time. Keep a good mood, do not do very tired physical work, and pay attention to bed rest, but also eat some easy to digest food.