How does hypertonic urine form?

summary

The plasma osmolality of normal people was 280-310 mOsm / kg? H20, and the ratio of urine osmolality to plasma osmolality of normal people was (3-4.5): 1. This index was also used to evaluate the concentration and dilution function of kidney. When the urine osmolality is 300 mOsm / kg? H 20, it is called isotonic urine. When the urine osmolality is higher than the plasma osmolality, it means that the urine has been concentrated. At this time, it can be called hypertonic urine

How does hypertonic urine form?

It can be seen in high fever, dehydration, cardiac insufficiency, poor peripheral circulation, renal congestion, etc. 1. In the medical history, pay attention to whether there is severe burn shock, severe infection, excessive and rapid infusion, whether there is severe inhalation injury and respiratory failure after burn, and whether there is misuse of vasoconstrictor drugs. 2. Because the condition of burn is complicated and the chest eschar affects the accuracy of chest examination, its symptoms are often confused with the manifestations of burn itself, shock and infection. For severe burn patients, especially in shock, we should strengthen the monitoring of the heart to avoid missed diagnosis or misdiagnosis.

When the urine osmolality is 300 mOsm / kg · H20, it is called isoosmolar urine. When the urine osmolality is higher than the plasma osmolality, it means that the urine has been concentrated. At this time, it can be called hypertonic urine; Lower than plasma osmolality means that the urine has been diluted. At this time, the urine is called hypotonic urine. Under the same conditions, the ratio of urine osmolality to plasma osmolality should be greater than 3:1, and the ratio may be reduced to 1:1 or lower when the function of renal concentration and dilution is impaired. 2; Acute tubular necrosis, chronic nephritis with renal tubular lesions can reduce urine leakage

Don't overeat, eat too much protein and salt, drink right amount of water, don't hold your urine. 2. Low calorie diet, adequate vitamins, moderate amount of protein, moderate amount of carbohydrate and fat. 3. A small number of meals, three meals plus two snacks. Avoid postprandial gastrointestinal overfilling, diaphragmatic elevation compression of the heart. For those with paroxysmal dyspnea at night, it is advisable to advance the time of dinner, and no food or water will be given after dinner.

matters needing attention

Food should be easy to digest, with liquid and semi liquid as the best, such as rice porridge, lotus root powder, egg soup, milk, yogurt, noodles, biscuits, bread slices, etc. Avoid eating hard, cold, greasy and irritating food, easy to flatulent food (such as sweet potato, potato, pumpkin, etc.). Should eat high protein food; Should eat high vitamin food; Should eat high calorie easy to digest food.