Symptoms of diabetic ketoacidosis?

summary

Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) refers to the symptoms of pathological changes such as hyperglycemia, hyperketonuria, dehydration, electrolyte disorder and metabolic acidosis caused by insulin deficiency and inappropriate increase of glucocorticoid in diabetic patients with various inducements. It is one of the common emergencies in internal medicine. Symptoms of diabetic ketoacidosis? Next, I'd like to share my views with you.

Symptoms of diabetic ketoacidosis?

First, in DKA compensatory period, the patients presented with increased symptoms of diabetes, such as polyuria and thirst, obvious fatigue and weight loss; With the progression of DKA, there were loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting and even inability to eat. A small number of patients, especially children with type 1 diabetes, may have extensive acute abdominal pain, accompanied by abdominal muscle tension and weakened bowel sounds, which are easily misdiagnosed as acute abdomen.

Second, acidosis and ketone odor, also known as Kussmaul respiration, are caused by acidosis. When blood pH is less than 7.2, they may appear to facilitate acid excretion; When the blood pH is less than 7.0, the respiratory center will be inhibited and respiratory paralysis will occur. In severe DKA, some patients may have ketone odor similar to rotten apple odor.

Third, moderate and severe DKA patients often have dehydration symptoms and signs. Hyperglycemia leads to a large amount of osmotic diuresis. When acidosis occurs, a large amount of Na in extracellular fluid is discharged, which aggravates dehydration. When the amount of dehydrated water reaches 5% of body weight, the patient may have signs of dehydration, such as dry skin, lack of elasticity, eye and cheek depression, low intraocular pressure, dry and red tongue.

matters needing attention

(1) It can reduce the burden of islets, make blood glucose and blood lipid reach or close to the normal value, and prevent or delay the occurrence and development of cardiovascular complications（ 2) Maintain health, so that adults can engage in a variety of normal activities, children can grow and develop normally（ 3) Maintain a normal weight. Reducing energy intake in obese people can improve insulin sensitivity of receptor. The emaciated can gain weight to enhance their resistance to the infection.