Symptoms of solanine poisoning?

summary

Solanine is a toxic substance in potato, also known as potato toxin (also seen in eggplant, immature tomato), is a toxic glycoside alkaloid. It is soluble in water, corrosive and hemolytic, but can decompose and destroy when heated with acetic acid. Generally, every 100 grams of potato contains only about 10 mg of solanine, which will not lead to poisoning. However, the content of solanine in immature potatoes or potatoes whose skin turns green and germinates due to exposure to sunlight during storage can be as high as 500 mg per 100 grams. If the potatoes are consumed in large quantities, it may cause acute poisoning.

Symptoms of solanine poisoning?

Eating a very small amount of solanine is not necessarily harmful to the human body, but if you eat 200 mg of solanine (about 30 g of green and germinated potatoes) at a time, you can get sick after 15 minutes to 3 hours. The earliest symptoms are mouth and throat itching, epigastric pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and other symptoms, mild symptoms, after 1 to 2 hours through their own detoxification function and self-healing.

If you eat 300-400 mg or more of solanine, the symptoms will be very serious, manifested as high body temperature and repeated vomiting resulting in water loss, as well as pupil dilation, fear of light, tinnitus, convulsions, dyspnea, blood pressure drop, a very small number of people may die due to respiratory paralysis. Therefore, patients with severe symptoms should be sent to the hospital for treatment as soon as possible.

The extraction rate and recovery rate of solanine extracted by ethanol method, ethanol acetic acid method and mixed solvent method were determined by UV colorimetry. The results showed that the extraction rate and recovery rate of solanine extracted by ethanol acetic acid method were 100% and 94.3%, respectively. The content of solanine extracted by ethanol, ethanol acetic acid and mixed solvent was determined by LC-MS. the results showed that ethanol acetic acid method was the best method to extract solanine.

matters needing attention

The content of solanine in different parts of potato is very different. The content of solanine is 0.25% in green leaves, 0.5% in buds, 0.73% in flowers, 1.0% in fruits, 0.004% in mature tubers and 0.01% in skins. There is only a small amount of solanine in the intact and good tubers, and it does not cause poisoning when feeding livestock with solanine; Solanine can be destroyed by heating in acetic acid. Fried potato with vinegar, a home-made dish in Guanzhong of Shaanxi Province, not only tastes delicious, but also destroys its toxin in the process of cooking.