Infantile aplastic anemia symptoms?

summary

Aplastic anemia is a group of syndrome which is caused by a variety of reasons, such as bone marrow hemopoietic insufficiency, clinical pancytopenia and liver, spleen, lymph node enlargement. Infantile aplastic anemia symptoms? Let's talk about it.

Infantile aplastic anemia symptoms?

(1) Onset: most of the patients are chronic aplastic anemia (CAA) with concealed onset and slow progress. They are not found until the symptoms are obvious. At this time, it is often difficult to determine the exact onset time. Occasionally, mild cases are found during physical examination. However, the onset of acute aplastic anemia is rapid and progressive. Some secondary aplastic anemia can affect the relevant pathogenic factors, Such as history of viral hepatitis, drugs, chemical drugs or radiation exposure.

(2) Clinical symptoms: the main clinical symptoms of aplastic anemia are anemia, bleeding and infection caused by the decrease of peripheral blood three lines. The severity of aplastic anemia mainly depends on the decrease of hemoglobin, platelets and granulocytes. It also has a certain relationship with the types of aplastic anemia. According to the types of aplastic anemia, they are as follows: (1) acute aplastic anemia (severe aplastic anemia, type I), SAA - Ⅰ): acute aplastic anemia is characterized by rapid onset, rapid progress, dangerous condition, progressive aggravation of anemia, high frequency of blood transfusion, and severe anemia that is difficult to correct even if a large amount of blood transfusion is often present. Infection and bleeding can aggravate anemia. Because anemia is difficult to correct, clinical manifestations include pale complexion, dizziness, palpitation, fatigue, etc, Due to immune dysfunction, neutropenia and severe infection, the primary sites of infection are mainly in oral cavity, respiratory tract, digestive tract, subcutaneous soft tissue and perianal tissue, etc. due to neutropenia (sepsis), subcutaneous soft tissue inflammation often occurs, and it is difficult to be limited because of the lack of granulocytes and the inability to form abscess, The pathogens were mainly gram-negative bacilli and Staphylococcus aureus. Because of the frequent nosocomial infection, it was easy to be infected by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter cloacae and other drug-resistant strains. It was also often secondary to fungal infection due to repeated application of broad-spectrum antibiotics. Due to the significant reduction of platelets (20 × In addition to skin purpura and ecchymosis, massive hemorrhage of nasal mucosa is common in children, which needs temporary nasal packing to stop bleeding, or oral mucosal bleeding due to dental caries, tooth change and injury. In addition, it is easy to complicated with visceral hemorrhage, such as hematochezia and hematuria, especially intracranial hemorrhage, which is life-threatening, Severe infection and intracerebral hemorrhage are the main causes of death in acute aplastic anemia. Statistics have shown that the average survival time of SAA - Ⅰ is only 3 months without bone marrow transplantation or effective immunosuppressive therapy, and the mortality rate within half a year is 90%. Therefore, in fact, the severity of SAA - Ⅰ is not inferior to that of acute leukemia, (2) chronic aplastic anemia (CAA): chronic aplastic anemia (CAA) refers to non severe aplastic anemia (NSAA), that is, general chronic aplastic anemia (CAA), with occult onset, slow progress, and peripheral hemogram decline not reaching the degree of severe aplastic anemia. Therefore, the degree of anemia, bleeding and infection is not as serious as that of severe aplastic anemia, but due to the different degree of hemogram decline, the clinical manifestations vary greatly, In some patients with mild aplastic anemia, only one or two systems were involved, and they did not need to rely on blood transfusion to maintain their basic life, and there was no obvious tendency of infection and bleeding; (3) chronic severe aplastic anemia (SAA - Ⅱ): if the condition of chronic aplastic anemia deteriorates, it will change into chronic severe aplastic anemia, Chronic severe aplastic anemia (CSAA) is defined as severe aplastic anemia (SAA) when peripheral hemogram drops to a certain extent and reaches the standard of SAA. Although the severity of peripheral hemogram decline of CSAA is similar to that of acute AA, its clinical manifestations are not as dangerous as that of acute AA. For example, although the decrease of hemoglobin is obvious, it often reaches the degree of severe anemia (the life span of platelets is shortened or even the infusion is ineffective, so it is difficult to treat the patients with CSAA, If the condition of chronic severe aplastic anemia can not be controlled or does not improve for a long time, the final mortality is still very high.

(3) Aplastic anemia of liver and spleen lymph nodes: it is a atrophic disease of reticuloendothelial system, so the superficial lymph nodes are rarely touched and enlarged, and the pharynx often has no tonsil, nor hepatosplenomegaly, especially no splenomegaly.

matters needing attention

1. Chemical substances, especially drugs, are the most common factors leading to aplastic anemia, so we must pay attention to the rational use of drugs. Chloramphenicol and antipyretic analgesics should be avoided as far as possible. We should strictly grasp the indications for the use of drugs that are harmful to the hematopoietic system, prevent the abuse of drugs that are harmful to the hematopoietic system, and regularly observe the hemogram during the use. Avoid contact with benzene and other harmful chemicals. 2. Strengthen the protective measures. When exposed to toxic or radioactive substances that damage the hematopoietic system, we should strengthen various protective measures. Patients should try to reduce the number of radiation diagnosis and treatment, avoid excessive radiation, and conduct regular blood test. 3. Prevention and control of viral infection, vigorously carry out the prevention and control of viral hepatitis and other viral infections. Viral infection is closely related to aplastic anemia, and the most common is hepatitis virus. Aplastic anemia is mostly secondary to non-A and non-B hepatitis, but not related to hepatitis A. It is found that some patients with aplastic anemia have a history of cold before onset, which indicates that part of aplastic anemia can be secondary to common cold. Therefore, we should strengthen physical exercise, pay attention to food hygiene, keep a good mood, combine work with rest, enhance body resistance, and prevent secondary aplastic anemia.