Causes of superior vena cava syndrome?

summary

Superior vena cava syndrome (SVCS) is a group of syndromes caused by the interaction of partial or complete obstruction of blood flow to the right atrium through the superior vena cava, which is a common emergency of tumor. The patient developed acute or subacute dyspnea and swelling of face and neck. The examination showed congestion and edema of face, neck, upper limbs and chest, and then developed into hypoxia and increased intracranial pressure, which needed emergency treatment. Causes of superior vena cava syndrome? Let's talk about it

Causes of superior vena cava syndrome?

Such as retrosternal thyroid tumor, thymoma, bronchial cyst, etc., or chronic fibrous neck tissue inflammation leading to compression of the tissue around the superior vena cava, such as idiopathic sclerosing mediastinitis, mediastinal fibrosis, etc.

Thrombus formation can be caused by congenital heart disease and after operation, central venous catheterization or pacemaker implantation. Edema of the head, neck and upper limbs, no obvious indentation of finger pressure, cyanosis of skin and lips, aggravating when lying on the back, and alleviating when the upper body is upright

When the tumor oppresses the peripheral organs and nerves, there may be cough, dyspnea, poor eating, hoarseness, ptosis, pupil narrowing, facial anhidrosis, etc. Nausea and vomiting caused by increased intracranial pressure may occur.

matters needing attention

The patient should lie in bed, take the head high and feet low and give oxygen to relieve facial and upper body edema. Oxygen inhalation can relieve temporary dyspnea. Limiting sodium and liquid intake can reduce edema. Diuretics can reduce the upper edema caused by obstruction and relieve symptoms. Furosemide or 20% mannitol can be used intravenously. If the effect is not good, it can be combined with hydrochlorothiazide and spironolactone.