Blood glucose standard for type 2 diabetes mellitus

summary

The incidence rate of type two diabetes is increasing year by year, especially in China. The rate of increase will be faster in the developing countries, which is expected to increase by 170% by 2025. The blood glucose standard of type 2 diabetes has become the third non communicable disease threatening people's health and life after cardiovascular disease and cancer.

Blood glucose standard for type 2 diabetes mellitus

First, polyuria is due to high blood glucose, exceeding the renal glucose threshold (8.89 to 10.0 mmol / L), and the glucose filtered out of the glomerulus can not be completely reabsorbed by the renal tubules, resulting in osmotic diuresis. The higher the blood glucose, the more the urine sugar excretion and the more the urine volume. The 24-hour urine volume can reach 5000-10000 ml. However, in the elderly and patients with kidney disease, the renal glucose threshold is increased, and the urine glucose excretion is impaired. When the blood glucose is slightly or moderately increased, polyuria may not be obvious.

Second: polydipsia is mainly due to hyperglycemia, which makes the plasma osmotic pressure increase significantly. In addition, polyuria and excessive water loss lead to intracellular dehydration, aggravate hyperglycemia, further increase the plasma osmotic pressure, stimulate the thirsty center, and lead to thirsty and polydipsia. Polydipsia further aggravates polyuria.

Third, the mechanism of overeating is not very clear. Most scholars tend to be caused by the decrease of glucose utilization rate (the difference of glucose concentration in arterial and venous blood before and after entering and leaving tissue cells). When fasting, the difference of glucose concentration between the arteriovenous blood in normal people was reduced, which stimulated the feeding center and produced hunger; after feeding, the blood glucose increased, the difference of glucose concentration between the arteriovenous blood increased (greater than 0.829 mmol / L), the feeding center was inhibited, the satiety center was excited, and the feeding requirement disappeared.

matters needing attention

The main purposes of diabetes treatment include: correcting metabolic disorder, eliminating symptoms, maintaining good living and working ability; preventing various acute or chronic complications and concomitant diseases, prolonging life span, reducing disability and mortality. At the same time, the quality of life of patients should not be limited too much. The principle of diabetes treatment is persistence and comprehensive management.