Basic symptoms of nephrotic syndrome

summary

Some time ago, my uncle suffered from nephrotic syndrome. My uncle had some nephrosis before, but there were no obvious symptoms. In clinical medicine, nephrotic syndrome has a lot of symptoms, and if you suffer from nephrotic syndrome, it is generally easy to distinguish, because its symptoms are similar to those of other nephrotic diseases. Let me tell you about the basic symptoms of nephrotic syndrome.

Basic symptoms of nephrotic syndrome

First, massive proteinuria is the most important clinical manifestation of NS patients, and it is also the most basic pathophysiological mechanism of nephrotic syndrome. Massive proteinuria refers to adult urinary protein excretion > 3.5g/d. Under normal physiological conditions, the glomerular filtration membrane has molecular barrier and charge barrier, resulting in the increase of protein content in the original urine. When it far exceeds the amount of proximal convoluted tubule resorption, a large amount of proteinuria is formed. On this basis, factors that increase glomerular pressure and lead to hyperperfusion and hyperfiltration (such as hypertension, high protein diet or massive infusion of plasma protein) can aggravate the excretion of urinary protein. In clinical medicine, although this symptom is more common, if once this symptom occurs, it is kidney disease.

Second, plasma albumin decreased to < 30g / L. In NS, a large amount of albumin is lost from urine, which promotes the compensatory synthesis of albumin in liver and the increase of renal tubular decomposition. Hypoalbuminemia occurs when the increase of albumin synthesis in liver is insufficient to overcome the loss and decomposition. In addition, NS patients with gastrointestinal mucosal edema lead to decreased diet, insufficient protein intake, malabsorption or loss, which is also the cause of aggravating hypoalbuminemia. Generally speaking, this kind of symptom only nephrotic syndrome, can appear this kind of obvious phenomenon, most other nephrotic diseases will not appear.

Thirdly, hypoalbuminemia and decrease of plasma colloid osmotic pressure during ns make water enter into tissue space from vascular cavity, which is the basic cause of NS edema. In recent years, studies have shown that about 50% of patients have normal or increased blood volume and normal or decreased plasma renin levels, suggesting that some of the factors that are involved in renal edema and water retention play a role in the pathogenesis of NS * edema. But in clinical medicine, this situation is relatively rare, once it appears, it is nephrotic syndrome.

matters needing attention

Rest, avoid overwork, save sex, avoid damp and cool, keep a good mood. Practice qigong, Taiji, etc. Low salt, low-fat, light diet, daily salt not more than 3G, eating vegetable oil; normal high-quality protein diet, including eggs, milk, lean meat, fish, daily 1.0 ~ 1.2g per kg body weight. Avoid eating vegetable protein such as bean products. In the process of treatment, we must prohibit sex, do not eat stimulating food, do not be too tired, do not smoke and drink, can not stay up late, can also be more bed rest, but not for a long time.