Symptoms and preventive knowledge of varicella

summary

Varicella is an acute infectious disease caused by the initial infection of varicella zoster virus. It mainly occurs in infants and preschool children, and the symptoms in adults are more serious than those in children. It is characterized by fever, erythematous macular papules, herpes and scab on the skin and mucous membrane. The skin rash is centripetal and mainly occurs in the chest, abdomen and back, with few limbs. The symptom of chickenpox and preventive knowledge, below I tell you.

Symptoms and preventive knowledge of varicella

The incubation period of the disease was 12-21 days, with an average of 14 days. Older children and adults may have fever, headache, general tiredness, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain and other precursor symptoms before the rash, while children may have rash and systemic symptoms at the same time.

The rash appeared within 24 hours after the onset of the disease. The rash first occurred in the compressed part of the scalp and trunk, and presented centripetal distribution. At the beginning, it was a small pink rash, which quickly turned into a round tension blister with the size of rice to pea. There was obvious red halo around the blister, and the central part of the blister was in the shape of umbilical fossa. The mucous membrane is often invaded, such as oral cavity, pharynx, conjunctiva, vulva and anus.

During the rash period of 1-6 days, the rashes appeared in batches, and the lesions showed the evolution process from small red macular papules to herpes, scab formation to decrustation. No scar was left after decrustation. Blister stage itching is obvious, if scratch secondary infection can leave a slight dent. About 4% of adults may have disseminated chickenpox and chickenpox pneumonia.

matters needing attention

The source of infection should be controlled and the children should be isolated until the rash scabs completely. The susceptible children who have been exposed should be quarantined for 3 weeks. Immunoglobulin or herpes zoster immunoglobulin can be injected intramuscularly to those with low immune function, immunosuppressants and pregnant women with a history of contact. Live attenuated varicella vaccine is the first human herpesvirus vaccine approved for clinical application in many countries. The follow-up observation after vaccination shows that varicella vaccine has a good protection rate for vaccinators.