How to diagnose the symptoms of malaria

summary

Malaria is an insect borne infectious disease caused by the infection of Plasmodium through the bite of Anopheles mosquitoes or the blood transfusion of people with Plasmodium. There are four kinds of Plasmodium parasitizing on human body, namely Plasmodium vivax, Plasmodium vivax, Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium ovale. Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum are the main pathogens in China; The other two are rare, and some cases imported from abroad are occasionally seen in recent years. Different Plasmodium species cause Plasmodium vivax, Plasmodium vivax, Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium ovale respectively. The main manifestation of the disease is periodic regular attack, body chills, fever, sweating, long-term multiple attacks, can cause anemia and splenomegaly. How is the symptom of malaria diagnosed? Let's talk about it

How to diagnose the symptoms of malaria

Fever patients with a history of living or traveling in malaria endemic areas, having a history of malaria attacks in recent years or having recently received blood transfusion should be suspected. Typical periodic chills, fever and sweating can be diagnosed initially. Irregular fever with splenomegaly, hepatomegaly and anemia should be considered. Dangerous type occurs in the epidemic period, more urgent, high fever, chills, coma and convulsions. Sudden high fever, chills and coma of infants in epidemic areas should also be considered.

The main purpose is to find the Plasmodium, which can be diagnosed. Blood samples should be taken at the time of shivering, when the number of parasites is large and easy to find. If necessary, it should be searched repeatedly. And must do the thick blood piece to look for. If clinically highly suspected and the blood smear is negative for many times, bone marrow puncture smear can be used to find Plasmodium.

The sensitivity and specificity of PCR were high. PCR detection methods have been developed into a variety of methods, such as nested PCR, reverse transcriptase PCR, PCR-ELISA and so on. In addition to direct detection of Plasmodium in blood samples, it can also detect Plasmodium on dry blood drops of filter paper. It has developed from detection of Plasmodium falciparum to detection of Plasmodium vivax.

matters needing attention

We should pay attention to the supply of water, give people with poor appetite a liquid or semi liquid diet, and give them a high protein diet in the recovery period; For those who can't take food due to vomiting and diarrhea, rehydration is appropriate; Anemia can be supplemented by iron, pay attention to keep warm when shivering; In case of sweating, wipe it with dry towel or warm wet towel in time, and change the sweaty quilt at any time to avoid getting cold; Physical cooling is used in high fever, and drug cooling can be used in patients with excessive fever; The patients with dangerous fever should be closely observed, the changes of vital signs should be found in time, the amount of in and out should be recorded in detail, and the basic nursing should be done well