How is kidney stone treated

summary

Although kidney stone is a benign disease, sometimes it may block the urinary tract, hinder the excretion of urine, cause pain, hydronephrosis, serious may cause uremia or even tumor. The characteristics of renal calculi are: complex etiology, diverse components, non-specific symptoms, many treatment methods and strong professionalism. In particular, the treatment should be based on the different circumstances of stones to develop different strategies and choose the best method. Therefore, after getting kidney stones, we need to go to a regular hospital for diagnosis and treatment.

How is kidney stone treated

First, the purpose of the treatment of kidney stones is to remove stones, keep the urinary tract unobstructed, and make the urinary system play a normal function. The method of removing the stones should be based on the location, number, size, renal function, anatomical abnormality, infection and physical condition of the stones. Generally speaking, conservative treatment or observation is the main treatment for renal calculi less than 5mm. 5 mm ~ 2 cm of renal calculi, extracorporeal lithotripsy is the first choice. In particular, we should pay attention to the fact that extracorporeal lithotripsy can not be carried out only on the basis of a single B-ultrasound result or X-ray, but should be carried out after the diagnosis is clear. Percutaneous nephrolithotomy is the first choice for renal calculi larger than 2 cm. In the 1980s, the first hospital of Peking University and the Institute of Urology of Peking University began to carry out minimally invasive treatment of various renal calculi in China, including percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) and extracorporeal lithotripsy (ESWL). The application of open surgical lithotomy has been less and less, when combined with urinary system anatomical abnormalities, open surgery can be used to treat anatomical abnormalities and remove stones at the same time. After the treatment of calculi, careful reexamination must be carried out to determine whether the stones are completely discharged.

Second: diet adjustment is an important content to prevent stone recurrence. For patients with calcium oxalate stones, we should reduce the intake of foods that are easy to produce oxalic acid, such as spinach, amaranth, cabbage, mustard and so on, and avoid taking a lot of vitamin C. For the elderly, calcium supplementation is generally not limited, but calcium supplementation should be carried out at the same time with meals. There is no reason why spinach and tofu should not be eaten. The incidence rate of uric acid stones is increasing year by year, which is related to the excessive intake of meat and fat. Patients with uric acid stones should eat less purine producing foods, such as animal viscera, seafood, beef and mutton, soup, nuts, etc.

Third: drinking more water is also an important part of the prevention of stone recurrence. It is suggested that patients with stones should drink more than 4000 ml of liquid every day and discharge more than 1500 ml of urine every day to keep the urine in a very diluted state. The daily urine volume of patients with uric acid stones is recommended to be more than 2000 ml, and that of patients with cystine stones is recommended to be more than 3000 ml. The main types of drinking water are boiled water, pure water and mineral water. Light tea, orange juice and watermelon are good ways of drinking water. To take the initiative to drink, drinking water should be evenly distributed throughout the day.

matters needing attention

In terms of diet, we should eat more calcium containing food, such as drinking more milk. Usually also want to do more exercise to prevent the loss of calcium. Of course, usually try to avoid foods with high oxalic acid content, such as spinach and so on.