What is Parkinson's disease? What are the symptoms?

summary

Parkinson's disease, also known as idiopathic Parkinson's disease, or Parkinson's disease for short, also known as tremor paralysis, is a common neurodegenerative disease in the middle-aged and elderly people, and is also the most common extrapyramidal disease in the middle-aged and elderly people. The prevalence rate of people over 65 years old is 1000 / 100000. With the increase of age, men are slightly more than women. The main clinical features of the disease are static tremor, bradycardia and hypotension, increased muscle tension and unstable posture. What is Parkinson's disease? What are the symptoms? Let's talk about it

What is Parkinson's disease? What are the symptoms?

(1) Tremor: tremor is caused by the rhythmic (4-6hz) contraction of the stimulating and antagonistic muscles of the limbs, which starts from the distal end of the upper limb on one side and gradually extends to the ipsilateral and contralateral upper and lower limbs. The mandible, lip, tongue and head are usually involved finally. Tremors in the upper limbs are often heavier than those in the lower limbs. The rhythmic tremor of fingers forms the so-called "rubbing pill like action". In the early stage of the disease, tremor occurs only when the limbs are at rest. It can be alleviated or temporarily stopped when doing random movement, aggravated by emotional excitement, and completely stopped when sleeping. Strong will and subjective efforts can temporarily suppress the tremor, but later there is a trend of aggravation.

(2) Ankylosis: the muscle tension of both agonist and antagonist is increased. When the joints do passive motion, the increased muscle tension is always consistent, and the sense of uniform resistance is called "lead tube rigidity". If the patient is complicated with tremor, he will feel intermittent pause on the uniform resistance when stretching and flexing the limb, as the gear is rotating, which is called "gear like rigidity". The ankylosis of neck, elbow, wrist, shoulder, knee and ankle joint was more significant. Pay attention to let patients relax and overcome their unconscious "assistance". Due to muscle rigidity, the patient has a special posture. Head forward, trunk flexion, upper arm adduction, elbow flexion, wrist extension, finger adduction, thumb to palm, interphalangeal joint extension, hip and knee joint bending slightly. As the disease progresses, these postural disorders gradually worsen. In severe cases, the front curve of the waist can almost become a right angle; When the head tilts forward seriously, the mandible can almost touch the chest. Severe myotonia can cause limb pain.

(3) Dyskinesia (dyskinesia or hypokinesia): a major cause of disability in Parkinson's disease. In the past, it was thought that exercise could not be caused by myotonia. Since the operation of Parkinson's disease, it has been found that the operation can reduce or even eliminate myotonia, but has little effect on the reduction or less movement. The clinical manifestations of myotonia and hypokinesia are not parallel. At present, it is believed that the decrease of exercise is related to the lack of Da.

matters needing attention

① The food is diverse and soft. The food in a day should be varied, including cereals, vegetables, melons and fruits, milk or beans, meat, etc. A variety of food can meet the body's needs for a variety of nutrients, but also make the diet itself full of fun. At the same time, the food should be soft, easy to digest, easy to chew and swallow, can be semi liquid or soft food supply. ② Eat more cereal, vegetables and fruits. They usually eat 300-500 grams of cereal every day. Carbohydrates usually do not affect the efficacy of drugs. Eat about 300 grams of vegetables and 1-2 medium-sized fruits every day to get vitamin A, B, C and a variety of minerals and dietary fiber.