What are the clinical uses of insulin?

summary

Insulin is produced by the islets in the pancreas β A protein hormone secreted by cells stimulated by endogenous or exogenous substances such as glucose, lactose, ribose, arginine, glucagon, etc. Insulin is the only hormone in the body to reduce blood sugar, and promote the synthesis of glycogen, fat and protein. What are the clinical uses of insulin? Today I'd like to introduce you.

What are the clinical uses of insulin?

The clinical use of insulin; Insulin is mainly used to treat diabetes and consumptive diseases in medicine. Promote the blood circulation of glucose into liver cells, muscle cells, fat cells and other tissue cells to synthesize glycogen, reduce blood sugar, promote the synthesis of fat and protein.

Regulating glucose metabolism; Insulin can promote the uptake and utilization of glucose by cells in the whole body, and inhibit glycogen decomposition and gluconeogenesis. Therefore, insulin has the effect of reducing blood glucose. When the insulin secretion is excessive, the blood sugar drops rapidly, and the brain tissue is most affected. Convulsion, coma and even insulin shock may occur. On the contrary, insufficiencies of insulin secretion or lack of insulin receptor often lead to hyperglycemia; If it exceeds the renal glucose threshold, the glucose is excreted from the urine, causing diabetes; At the same time, changes in blood composition (including excessive glucose) also lead to hypertension, coronary heart disease and retinal vascular disease.

Regulating fat metabolism; Insulin can promote the synthesis and storage of fat, reduce the free fatty acids in blood, and inhibit the decomposition and oxidation of fat. Insulin deficiency can lead to disorder of fat metabolism, decrease of fat storage, enhancement of fat decomposition, and increase of blood lipid. For a long time, it can cause arteriosclerosis, and then lead to serious cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases; At the same time, the lack of insulin will lead to the body fat decomposition, the formation of a large number of ketones, ketoacidosis.

matters needing attention

For insulin that has been used: it can be stored at room temperature (about 25 ℃) and cool conditions, and the shelf life is about 1 month. It can also be placed at the temperature of 2 ℃ ~ 8 ℃, but it is better to put it in the room to "warm up" insulin before injection, so as to avoid discomfort during injection and reduce stimulation to subcutaneous tissue. After the unsealed insulin is put into the insulin pen, if it is repeatedly put in and taken out from the refrigerator after injection, when the needle is not removed, the insulin solution will expand and contract when it is hot, and air bubbles will be formed when it is cold, resulting in inaccurate injection volume and unstable blood glucose. In fact, insulin can be stored for one month at room temperature, and the unsealed insulin does not need to be put into the refrigerator.