Specific symptoms of nephrotic syndrome

summary

Nephrotic syndrome (NS) is a syndrome caused by the increase of permeability of glomerular filtration membrane and the loss of large amounts of plasma protein from urine. The incidence rate is second of the children's urinary system diseases. Its clinical characteristics are massive proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, hypercholesterolemia and obvious edema. Once nephrotic syndrome, to good treatment, otherwise the consequences will be very serious, so what is the main symptom of nephrotic syndrome? Let me share with you.

Specific symptoms of nephrotic syndrome

Symptom 1: massive proteinuria. Massive proteinuria is the most important clinical manifestation of NS patients and the most basic pathophysiological mechanism of nephrotic syndrome. Massive proteinuria refers to adult urinary protein excretion > 3.5g/d. Under normal physiological conditions, the glomerular filtration membrane has molecular barrier and charge barrier, resulting in the increase of protein content in the original urine. When it far exceeds the amount of proximal convoluted tubule resorption, a large amount of proteinuria is formed.

Symptom 2: hypoproteinemia. Plasma albumin decreased to < 30g / L. In NS, a large amount of albumin is lost from urine, which promotes the compensatory synthesis of albumin in liver and the increase of renal tubular decomposition. Hypoalbuminemia occurs when the increase of albumin synthesis in liver is insufficient to overcome the loss and decomposition. In addition, NS patients with gastrointestinal mucosal edema lead to decreased diet, insufficient protein intake, malabsorption or loss, which is also the cause of aggravating hypoalbuminemia.

Symptom 3: high blood lipid, edema. Hypoalbuminemia, decrease of plasma colloid osmotic pressure and water entering tissue space from vascular cavity are the basic causes of NS edema. In recent years, studies have shown that about 50% of patients have normal or increased blood volume and normal or decreased plasma renin levels, suggesting that some of the factors that are involved in renal edema and water retention play a role in the pathogenesis of NS * edema.

matters needing attention

1. Ensure sufficient heat, especially for children and adolescents in the growth stage. If the calorie intake is affected in order to limit protein or sugar, the growth and development of children will be affected, and malnutrition and other changes will occur. 2. Limit foods high in potassium. Such as leafy vegetables, fruits, juice.