Diet of gestational diabetes mellitus

summary

Gestational diabetes refers to the absence of diabetes before pregnancy, gestational diabetes is a special type of diabetes, but also a backup state of type 2 diabetes. Clinical data show that 2% - 3% of women will have diabetes during pregnancy, mostly in the middle and late pregnancy, and more in obese and elderly women. The incidence of premature birth, low birth weight, dystocia, macrosomia and congenital malformation in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus was significantly higher than that in pregnant women without diabetes mellitus. So what does gestational diabetes eat better?

Diet of gestational diabetes mellitus

Eat right amount of fruit, eat less monosaccharide food. In the condition of satisfactory control (such as fasting blood glucose less than 5.8 mmol / L, postprandial 2 hours less than 6.7 mmol / L), can take some. We should also try to choose fruits with low glycemic index, such as green apples, pears, peaches, strawberries, grapefruits, oranges, etc., while watermelon and banana have relatively high glycemic index, so we should eat less or not. Eat less, such as soda, juice, fruit tea and most desserts, chocolate, jam and so on, because these foods will quickly increase blood sugar levels. Milk is high in lactose because it is a monosaccharide, so if you drink more than 2-3 cups of milk a day, you may need to control the amount of milk and find alternative ways to get calcium. To reduce the sugar load, you can drink a small amount of milk many times, or drink diabetes formula.

Choose more coarse grains and eat more dietary fiber. Take bread as an example, the GI (glycemic index) of white bread is 70, but the GI of bread mixed with 75-80% barley grain is 34. Therefore, it is advocated to use bread made of coarse flour with crushed grains instead of refined white bread. Within the range of intake, eat more high fiber foods, such as brown rice or five grain rice instead of white rice, increase the intake of vegetables, eat fresh fruits instead of juice, etc., which can delay the rise of blood sugar, help control blood sugar, and have a sense of fullness, but never eat unlimited amount of fruits.

Increase protein in staple food. For example, the GI of common wheat noodles is 81.6, and that of protein fortified spaghetti is 37. Dumpling is a good low GI food, because it contains a lot of protein and fiber.

matters needing attention

What should women pay attention to when they suffer from diabetes during pregnancy? After gestation, in order to meet the nutritional needs of fetal development, some hormones secreted by the fetus are produced, which can promote the secretion of insulin and antagonize insulin. These functions are conducive to the constant nutrition of the fetus, but also complicate the mother's diabetes. If the blood sugar is difficult to control, or even the development of the disease, ketoacidosis or hypoglycemia are prone to occur, retinopathy and kidney disease may aggravate, pregnancy induced hypertension, polyhydramnios, infection rate, dystocia rate are significantly higher than the general pregnant women. This needs special attention.