Immune infertility?
summary
Immune infertility refers to infertility caused by immune factors. Immune infertility accounts for about 10-30% of infertility patients, including antisperm antibodies, anti endometrial antibodies, anti egg antibodies, and other immune infertility. Immune infertility? Let's talk about it.
Immune infertility?
Male antisperm antibody the production of male antisperm antibody sperm is an autoantigen, but it only appears in adolescence and is regarded as "alien" by the autoimmune system. However, the blood testis barrier hinders the contact between sperm antigen and immune system, and does not produce anti sperm immune response. If the blood testis barrier is not well developed or damaged, such as surgery, trauma, inflammation, etc., it will lead to sperm overflow or macrophages entering the reproductive tract to phagocytize and digest sperm cells, and its sperm antigen will activate the immune system and produce antisperm antibodies. Another possible reason for the production of antisperm antibody is the decrease in the number or activity of inhibitory T lymphocytes. The cells were found in the subcutaneous tissue of epididymis and vas deferens. Under normal circumstances, a small amount of sperm antigen leaked from the testicular reticulum and its efferent duct can activate the suppressive T cells, slow down the process of mature B cells recognizing the antigen, reduce the body's humoral immune response to sperm antigen, and form immune tolerance. Antisperm antibodies can be produced when the number or activity of inhibitory T cells is decreased and the factor of replenishing inhibitory T cells in semen is deficient.
Normal semen contains prostaglandin E and a glycoprotein, which has immunosuppressive effect. Semen precipitin has anti complement activity. These immunosuppressive factors can inhibit the immune response of female immunocompetent cells to sperm antigen and induce immune tolerance. The lack of immunosuppressive factor in husband's semen can lead to antisperm antibody in woman. The reproductive tract infection of husband and wife can cause antisperm antibody production in the female, which may be caused by the enhancement of local nonspecific immune response caused by the infection. Clinical studies on immune infertility show that the increase of leukocytes in men's semen is significantly related to the occurrence of antisperm antibodies in women's genital tract and serum, suggesting that infectious factors as natural adjuvants, immune related cells and sperm antigens are involved in the female genital tract to produce the same antisperm immunity. In the case of genital tract mucosa damage, sexual intercourse can make sperm antigen through the damaged mucosal epithelial barrier, into the subepithelial T lymphocytes, produce antisperm antibody. Anal or oral sex between the opposite sex is one of the reasons that women produce antisperm antibodies. In addition, some assisted pregnancy techniques, such as direct intraperitoneal insemination, can cause a large number of sperm to enter the abdominal cavity. After being phagocytized by macrophages in the abdominal cavity, sperm antigen will be transferred to helper T lymphocytes in pelvic lymph nodes, thus inducing anti sperm immune response and temporarily increasing anti sperm antibody in serum.
Sperm antibody interferes with fertility (1) anti sperm head antibody interferes with sperm capacitation and head to grain reaction. (2) cytotoxic antibody can damage sperm cell membrane and kill sperm with the participation of complement, and anti sperm tail stem antibody can inhibit sperm activity. (3) FC segment of antisperm antibody binds to glycoprotein of cervical mucus, which interferes with sperm passing through cervical mucus during ovulation. (4) the regulation of antisperm antibody enhances the phagocytosis of local phagocytes in genital tract. (5) anti sperm head antibody can prevent sperm from binding to zona pellucida and egg cell membrane, and inhibit fertilization.
matters needing attention
1. Immune infertility should pay attention to the prevention and treatment of genital infection: active treatment of acute and chronic inflammation, especially pay attention to the thorough prevention and treatment of sexually transmitted diseases, put an end to sexual promiscuity and unclean sexual intercourse, in order to prevent infection caused by unclean health, and eventually cause immune infertility. 2. Pay attention not to have sex frequently: too much sex makes women repeatedly contact with their husband's sperm and semen. For some women who can produce specific immune response, these sperm and semen are antigen substances, which can easily stimulate the body to produce antisperm antibodies. 3. Forbid rough sex: female friends should also pay attention to forbidding rough sex or menstrual sex, So as not to cause the infection of reproductive system and create opportunities for infertility. 4. Avoid immediate sexual intercourse after delivery: female friends should have sex every 2-3 months after delivery, that is, they should have sexual intercourse after the uterine wound is completely healed. Or when having sex, use a condom for a period of time to prevent sperm from leaking into the tissue from a tiny wound.
