Precautions for measles

summary

Measles is an acute respiratory infectious disease caused by measles virus. The clinical symptoms were fever, cough, runny nose, conjunctival congestion, and gray spots with red halo in oral mucosa. The prognosis of simple measles is good, and the mortality of severe patients is high. Here are the precautions for measles.

Precautions for measles

First, the patient is the only source of infection. From 2 days before the onset (the end of latent period) to 5 days after the eruption, the conjunctival secretions, nasal secretions, oropharyngeal secretions and tracheal secretions all contain viruses, which are infectious. There was no virus in the recovery period.

Second, people are generally susceptible. More than 90% of the susceptible people came into contact with the patients. There is a lasting immunity after the disease. Most of the adults were immunized with measles vaccine when they were children. Within 6 months, infants can be protected by maternal antibodies. However, after measles vaccination, the natural infection rate of measles decreased, the antibody level of women of childbearing age decreased, and the protection ability of infants also decreased.

Third: most of the cases occurred in winter and spring, but all the year round. The incidence rate of children in China is 6 months to 5 years old. In recent years, due to the results of long-term vaccination, the epidemic intensity of measles has weakened, and the average age of onset has moved backward. Floating population or immunization gap is easy to cause the accumulation of susceptible population in cities and towns, leading to local measles outbreaks.

matters needing attention

To manage the source of infection, isolate the patient until 5 days after eruption, and extend to 10 days if there are complications. The contacts were quarantined for 3 weeks, and those who had received passive immunization were quarantined for 4 weeks. Cut off the route of transmission, ward ventilation, susceptible to epidemic period as far as possible to go out, avoid going to crowded places.