Symptoms of macular degeneration?
summary
The main pathological mechanism of macular degeneration is the aging changes of macular structure. The expression of retinal pigment epithelium cells reduces the phagocytosis of the outer membrane of the optic cells, and causes the residual bodies to remain in the original cells of the basal cells and * to form vitreous warts. Therefore, secondary pathological changes lead to macular degeneration. It is related to the aging of retinal pigment epithelial cells. Symptoms of macular degeneration? Let's talk about it
Symptoms of macular degeneration?
In the early stage, the central visual acuity was slightly damaged, even remained normal or nearly normal for a long time. The visual field can detect 5-10 ° The central disc is more dark, and it is easier to detect with cyan and yellow visual markers. one hundred and eighty ° Linear static visual field was 5-10 on each side ° Visual acuity decreased. Amsler's checkerboard test is often positive. Occasionally, hyperopia or amblyopia.
Under the ophthalmoscope, there are dense hard vitreous membrane warts in the macula. Warts vary in size. Some merge into small pieces. In the vitreous membrane warts, mixed with a little flaky pigment decolorization spot pigmentation, the appearance was salt and pepper like. The lesion was centered on the central fossa and gradually examined all around, showing no clear boundary at the edge. In some cases, the whole macular area was dark. Slit lamp microscope and front lens were used for light section examination, which showed slight uplift and red halo around (lantern phenomenon). It is suggested that there is a shallow detachment in the upper layer of pigment, and the fluorescent spots are enhanced rapidly at this stage. The maximum intensity was within one minute after the beginning of venous phase, and then most of them were consistent with the background fluorescence, rapidly weakened and gradually disappeared. In a few cases, the background fluorescence can still be seen after fading. In the cases with superficial detachment of the pigment epithelium, round or quasi round fluorescent spots appeared at the early stage of the angiography, enhanced in the middle stage, and gradually disappeared in the late stage. The non enlargement of the fluorescent spot indicates that there is no neovascularization under the pigment epithelium, or it is thin enough to develop (occult neovascularization).
In the late stage (atrophic stage), the central visual acuity was severely damaged, and there were virtual absolute central scotoma. Under the ophthalmoscope, there were dense or confluent vitreous membrane warts and large areas of light gray atrophy. The boundary of the atrophic area became clear, with salt and pepper like spots scattered in it, and metal like reflection could also be seen. In the early stage of fluorescein angiography, the atrophic area showed strong fluorescence, and disappeared with the weakening and disappearance of background fluorescence. During the whole course of angiography, the fluorescent spot did not expand, suggesting that it was caused by pigment epithelium atrophy. However, in some cases, both strong and weak fluorescent spots appeared in the atrophic area, indicating that besides the atrophy of pigment epithelium, there were atrophy and occlusion of choroidal capillaries. Atrophic degeneration has a slow onset and a long course. It is difficult to separate the early and late stages. In addition, individual differences are large, so the time from early stage to late stage varies, but the degree of bilateral fundus lesions is basically symmetrical.
matters needing attention
Moderate consumption of carrots, corn, green leafy vegetables. They all contain lutein or zeaxanthin, which has strong antioxidant capacity and has a protective effect on the macula of eyes. quit smoking. The risk of smoking is twice as high as that of non-smokers.
