Symptoms of diabetic ketoacidosis?

summary

Diabetic ketoacidosis is a clinical syndrome characterized by hyperglycemia, hyperketinemia and metabolic acidosis, which is caused by the absolute or relative deficiency of insulin in the body, aggravating the metabolic disorder and accelerating the decomposition of diabetes. A large number of fatty acids produce ketones in the liver, resulting in the accumulation of serum ketones, exceeding the body's processing capacity. Next, let's talk about the symptoms of diabetic ketoacidosis.

Symptoms of diabetic ketoacidosis?

In the compensatory stage of diabetic ketoacidosis, the symptoms of diabetes, such as polyuria and thirst, were aggravated, and the weight was reduced; With the progress of diabetic ketoacidosis, there are gradually loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, and even inability to eat. A small number of patients, especially children with type 1 diabetes, may have extensive acute abdominal pain, accompanied by abdominal muscle tension and weakened bowel sounds, which are easily misdiagnosed as acute abdomen.

Acidosis and ketone odor, also known as Kussmaul respiration, are characterized by increased respiratory rate and deep breathing, which are caused by acidosis. When blood pH < 7.2, they may appear to facilitate acid excretion; When the blood pH is less than 7.0, the respiratory center will be inhibited and respiratory paralysis will occur. In severe diabetic ketoacidosis, some patients may have ketone odor similar to rotten apple in their breath.

Dehydration and / or shock patients with moderate to severe diabetic ketoacidosis often have dehydration symptoms and signs. Hyperglycemia leads to a large amount of osmotic diuresis. When acidosis occurs, a large amount of Na in extracellular fluid is discharged, which aggravates dehydration. When the amount of dehydrated water reaches 5% of body weight, the patient may have signs of dehydration, such as dry skin, lack of elasticity, eye and cheek depression, low intraocular pressure, dry and red tongue. If the amount of dehydrated water exceeds 15% of body weight, circulatory failure may occur. Symptoms include increased heart rate, weak pulse, decreased blood pressure and body temperature, etc. in severe cases, life-threatening.

matters needing attention

Diabetic patients should control the daily intake of total calories, diet should be low fat, appropriate amount of protein, high carbohydrate. Advocate high fiber diet, light diet, adhere to a small number of meals, regular meals; Exercise properly. Physical exercise should be carried out after meals, the time should not be long, and the intensity should not be large;